The third eyelid gland, also known as the nictitating membrane, is an additional eyelid present in most animals, crucial for maintaining eye health. Notably, it works with the lacrimal gland for tear production and eye lubrication, while also serving as a protective barrier against injury and debris.
What is a third eye gland prolapse?
Third eye gland prolapse occurs when the ligament holding the gland in place tears, causing it to displace and protrude from the lower eyelid, hindering it from functioning properly. This results in irritation and inflammation, often recognized by a red lump in the corner of the eye that resembles a cherry, hence the byname "cherry eye". And do not be concerned, this condition is in no way contagious disease that can be contracted, it is fully dependent on the individual pets case.
There isn't a singular cause for third eye gland prolapse; it can occur suddenly without specific triggers. Weakness in connective tissues is a primary factor, though certain breeds, particularly brachycephalic (flat-faced) breeds, may have a genetic predisposition due to weaker tissue structure. Outside factors such as environmental allergies or infections can also contribute, as chronic eye irritation or inflammation increases the likelihood of prolapse. While prevention is not guaranteed, early recognition and intervention can minimize discomfort for your pet.
If you notice a red mass in your pet’s eye corner, along with swelling, ocular discharge, or excessive dryness, it's likely their third eye gland has prolapsed. Prompt veterinary attention is crucial to alleviate pain and discomfort.
Diagnostics for this condition typically include a comprehensive ophthalmology exam. A Schrimer tear test and fluorescein stain provide important information about eye health. The Schrimer test measures tear production, solidifying if the lacrimal and third eyelid glands are not producing enough moisture. Fluorescein stains detect any corneal lesions, making sure there has been no further damage done to the eye.
What is this repair?
The primary treatment for third eye gland prolapse involves surgical correction under general anesthesia. Most commonly the gland will be replaced and sutured back into its original position. There is also the pocket technique where the surgeon will create a small pocket within the surrounding tissue to prevent re-prolapse. Complete removal of the gland is strongly discouraged as it can lead to dry eye syndrome, causing ongoing discomfort, potential vision loss, and the need for lifelong eye care.
In cases where immediate surgery isn't possible, short-term non-surgical management may involve anti-inflammatory medications or eye drops to reduce inflammation and maintain eye lubrication. While self resolution is rare without treatment, delaying intervention increases the risk of recurrent prolapse, infection, and prolonged discomfort for your pet.
